Tanach Thoughts

Something interesting I noticed today while reading Rashi on Vayishlach. While discussing the wives of Esav, Rashi noted  that the wife called Ohalivamah (אהליבמה) bat Anah ( Beresheet 36:2 ) is the same as Yehudit (יהודית) bat Be'rei ( Beresheet 26:34 ). And that led me to wonder: In the Tanach (e.g. Yechezkel 23:4 ), and in later sources, especially piyyutim lamenting the destruction and exile ( some examples ), Judah is often called "Ohalivah", which is very similar to Ohalivamah, who is supposedly Yehudit (Judith, same root as Judah). It begs the questions: Why would Ohalivah/Judah be called after one of the wives of Esav, and is Ohalah (Israel in the same sources) also named after someone? (image taken from here )

A thought that I had a bit earlier: When I think about the word "dvir" (דביר), I understand what it's used to refer to: The inner sanctum of a temple (also borrowed to refer to a city in Eretz Yehudah). But I don't know the etymology of the word. What does the word itself literally mean? What do all of its parts put together mean? Why does dvir specifically mean inner sanctum? Well, I don't have a clear answer on that, but I had a thought: Many letters in Semitic languages are interchangeable and often get switched around. And it just so happens that all of the letters in dvir can be interchanged. In this case, some meaning of the word dvir can be leaned by switching three of its four letters: ד, י, ר with their parallels ז, ו, ל. Keeping the ב, we get the word "Zvul" (זבול) which is also a term used to refer to a temple, or part of a temple. I think that's pretty neat.

This is part 4 of a series of posts I made shortly after starting the blog (nos. 1 , 2 , 3 ). Back then, I noticed that there were many ties between the Tribe of Yehudah in particular and Egypt. This was most particularly apparent in their personal names, though there were a couple of other connections. I am now in the midst of conducting research for my latest seminar paper, in which I will attempt to propose a link between the Samaria Ostraca and the LMLK handles (more on that in a later post). As researching one fascinating topic goes, my search led me to many other fascinating topics, one being the subject of Egyptian icons in Judahite (i.e., of the Kingdom of Yehudah) material culture. For example, all LMLK handles feature variants of two main Egyptian symbols: A winged disk (many identify it with the Egyptian winged sun disk) or a winged scarab, a sacred Egyptian symbol. Another example are Judahite seals, many of which feature blatant Egyptian symbols, including idolatrous symbo...

I considered writing another post about the blasphemer, a subject near and dear to my heart (because it's an unsolved mystery!), but then I discovered to my shock that my last post on the subject was actually still in draft mode, never published..! So, though I'm still super busy, here's a ready-made post from last year, touched up and completed: The blasphemer is a subject that has been on and off of my mind for a couple of years now. The blasphemer was the son of Shlomit bat Divri, a woman of the Tribe of Dan, and an Egyptian man, who lived during the time of the Exodus. He had an argument with a purely-Israelite man and ended up cursing God, hence his title as "the blasphemer". He was put to death. The midrash ( Sifra 14:1 ) attempts to explain this story thus: "("And the son of an Israelite woman went out; and he was the son of an Egyptian man in the midst of the children of Israel. And they strove within the camp, the son of the Israelite woman and ...

I thought of an interpretation for Bat Sheva's name ages ago, but only remembered it this last Shabbat during a discussion around the table about unusual Hebrew names. Bat Sheva is usually spelled בת שבע which literally means "daughter of seven", although it might have some connection to the word shvuah שבועה - vow. These are more classic understandings. There are two instances in which her name is spelled Bat Shua בת שוע, both in Chronicles ( Chronicles 1:2:3 ; 1:3:5 ). This variant of the name connects her to Yehudah's wife Bat Shua ( Beresheet 38:12 ) who was evidently named after her father Shua ( ibid. 2 ). Bat Sheva is known to be the granddaughter of Achitophel the Gilonite through her father Eliam; Giloh being a city in the territory of the tribe of Yehudah, so the naming makes sense. The name itself means something like "daughter of salvation/redemption". It could be argued that Bat Sheva is simply a variant of Bat Shua or vice-versa, but I would...

I've been quite busy lately and still am. I've started a number of posts but haven't gotten around to finishing them. However, yesterday I realized something interesting while reading a book, and it's short, so I'm sharing it. So Purim has come and gone...several months ago. But when you think about it, maybe Purim should be year-round because the whole build up to the grand finale of Esther was years in the making. Anyway, Daryavesh, or Darius, the one under whom the Second Temple was completed, was, according to Jewish tradition, the son of Queen Esther and King Achashverosh (see for example Midrash Yalkut Shimoni on the Torah 536 ). However, this is never openly acknowledged in Tanach. There might be any number of reasons for this, including that we have misunderstood our sources and they are not referring to the same Daryavesh under whom the Temple was completed; that Daryavesh was so far gone from Judaism that there was no point; IT'S A THEOLOGICAL CONSPIRA...

An Assyrian inscription from the time of Tiglath Pilesser III describes a list of kings that were conquered and subsequently gave tribute to the Assyrian king reads: "I installed Idi-bi'li as a Warden of Marches on the border of Musur. In all the countries which...[I received] the tribute of Kushtashpi of Commagene ( Kummu ḫ u ), Urik of Qu'e, Sibitti-be'l of Byblos,...Enil of Hamath, Panammu of Sam'al, Tarhulara of Gumgum, Sulumal of Militene,...Uassurme of Tabal, Ushhitti of Tuna, Urballa of Tuhana, Tuhamme of Ishtunda,...[Ma]tan-be'l of Arvad, Sanipu of Bit-Ammon, Salamanu of Moab,...Mitinti of Ashkelon, Jehoahaz ( Ia- ú - ḫ a-zi ) of Judah ( Ia- ú -da-a-a ) , Kaushmalaku of Edom ( Ú -du-mu-a-a ), Muzr[i...] ( Ḫ a-a-nu- ú -nu ) of Gaza ( Ḫ a-za-at-a-a ) (consisting of) gold, silver, tin, iron, antimony,4 linen garments with multicolored trimmings, garments of their native (industries) (being made of) dark purple wool...all kinds of costly objects be they pr...

 Recently I got into writing short stories about very very minor side-characters in Tanach. I call it "Tanachic fanfiction". Interestingly, I've found that during plotting and writing, I actually think of some interesting chiddushim that could actually be plausible. One was a recent thought about Elkanah, father of Shmuel. It is very noticeable that during the time of the Shoftim, Am Yisrael were not united. From the civil war between Yisrael and Binyamin, including Yavesh Gilad having pulled a Switzerland and opting out of the war (which led to their doom), through the Efraim and Menashe civil war in the time of Yiftach, through tribes that did not join Barak and Devorah in their battle against the Canaanites, and these are just some of the most significant examples. There are many more, both explicit and implicit. A few weeks ago I heard a class by Dr. Chagai Misgav about the religious lives of Yisrael in the time of the Shoftim. He pointed out that leadership at the t...

 I started this blog for, among other things, tracking my family tree project, but haven't actually made an update on that in awhile. So here's the update: I've finished Yehudah, Binyamin and almost all of the tribeless, except for people I noticed I had forgotten while working on other tribes. All that's left for V1, which is in Hebrew, is Levi and the last of the tribeless. About a 1/3 of Levi is already complete. Now to the main subject of the post: There's an interesting gemara in Temurah 16a: "תנא הוא עתניאל הוא יעבץ ומה שמו יהודה אחי שמעון שמו עתניאל שענאו אל יעבץ שיעץ וריבץ תורה בישראל" "A tanna taught in a baraita : The same person is known as Othniel and he is also known as Jabez. And what is his actual name? Judah, brother of Simeon, is his name. He was known as Othniel, as God answered [ ana’o El ] his prayer. He was also known as Jabez [ yabetz ] because he advised and spread [ ya’atz veribetz ] Torah among the Jewish people." I...

 Just a couple of additions to what I wrote here  on the connection between Egypt and Yehudah: Zerach, son of Yehudah - Similarly named: Zerach the Cushite, who Rabbi Ahron Marcus says was the son-in-law of Pharaoh Shishak. In my opinion, Zerach and Shishak led armies of a unified Egypt - Egyptians, Libyans and Cushites. Achan son of Carmi, a descendant of Zerach, in Aramaic means "snake", so we've got another "snake name" to add to Nachash, Nachshon and Saraf.

In a previous post  I discussed some possible Egyptian influences on the Tribe of Yehudah. One of the names mentioned was one Ashchur (אשחור) of the tribe. As it turns out, in some of the documents recovered from the Jewish military settlement in the Elephantine, a man named Aschur (אסחור) is mentioned! I saw this in the book "The Ten Tribes" by Alter Walner. He states there that the man was an Egyptian who eventually married one of the possibly more prominent Jewish women of the settlement (there were also non-Jews stationed there) and in later documents, his name was changed to "Natan", so perhaps he converted. I was a bit skeptical to his Egyptian status, though. True, his full name is Aschur ben Tzacha, not really a Jewish name, but the ending of the Alef in Tzacha made me think that perhaps Tzacha was the Aramaic shortening of Tzachyah, much like Ezra is the shortening of Azaryah. As to why he had two names, perhaps it was like other figures who had more than o...

 When filling out the Tribe of Yehudah section in my family tree project, one thing in particular caught my eye: the fairly significant number of people of the tribe who were named either after clothes, types of cloths or had names that were connected to the color white: Saraf, descendant of Shelah - possibly a reference to white-hot flames. Salma/Salmon (2) - a type of clothing. Nefeg? son of David - possibly from root pag, faded. Sheshan son of Yish'i - from Shesh, a type of Egyptian white cloth. Chur son of Kalev ben Chetzron - white, royalty. Shoval son of Kalev ben Chur - the piece of cloth that trails at the back of the clothing. Rekem of Chevron - possibly from Rikma, embroidery or lace. Charan? son of Kalev ben Chetzron - probably from the root char which means anger, in particular, raging white-hot. Related as such to Chur. Yair son of Seguv - he will light, from or, light. Ashchur son of Kalev ben Chur - possibly even named after Chur, in any case, clearly from the root o...